A zero-ohm resistor, also known as a jumper resistor, is a special-purpose resistor. A zero-ohm resistor does not actually have zero resistance; it is a resistor with a very small resistance value. Because it has a resistance value, it has the same tolerance and accuracy specifications as regular surface-mount resistors. In circuit board design, when two points cannot be connected using printed circuits, a jumper is often used on the front side. This is commonly seen in ordinary boards. To ensure the proper functioning of automatic pick-and-place machines and automatic insertion machines, zero-ohm resistors are used instead of jumpers.
The functions of a 0-ohm resistor are as follows:
1. It has no function in the circuit; it's only used on the PCB for ease of debugging or design compatibility.
2. It can be used as a jumper to avoid high-frequency interference caused by jumper pins (acting as an antenna).
3. When the matching circuit parameters are uncertain, a 0-ohm resistor can be used as a substitute. During actual debugging, the parameters are determined, and then a component with a specific value is used as a substitute.
4. A 0-ohm resistor is actually a very small resistor. When you want to measure the current consumption of a certain part of the circuit, connect a 0-ohm resistor and an ammeter. This makes it convenient to measure the current consumption and can be used to measure large currents.
5. When routing, if it's impossible to route the circuit, a 0-ohm resistor can be added as a jumper.
6. Under high-frequency signals, it can act as an inductor or capacitor (depending on the characteristics of the external circuit). Inductors are mainly used to solve EMC problems, such as between ground and ground, power supply and IC pads.
7. Single-point grounding, meaning that protective ground, working ground, and DC ground are separated on the equipment, each becoming an independent system.
8. For circuit protection, it can act as a low-cost fuse.
9. Used for current loops when bridging. When the ground plane is split, the shortest return path for signals is broken. The signal loop must then detour, creating a large loop area. This strengthens the influence of electric and magnetic fields, making it easier to interfere with or be interfered with. Connecting a 0-ohm resistor across the split area provides a shorter return path and reduces interference.
10. In mixed-signal circuits such as digital and analog circuits, it is often required that the two grounds be separate and connected at a single point. We can use a 0-ohm resistor to connect these two grounds instead of directly connecting them together.
11. In circuit configuration, jumpers and DIP switches should generally be avoided on products. Sometimes users may tamper with settings, which can easily lead to misunderstandings. To reduce maintenance costs, 0-ohm resistors should be soldered onto the board instead of jumpers.
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